define author

1597, in the meaning defined above
14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 2a
An author is a person who writes books or articles, usually for money. It can also refer to the person responsible for something, like the author of a plan to overthrow the student government.
Author comes from the Latin word auctorem, meaning “founder, master, leader.” Bow down to the author! Well, no need for that, just make sure the author gets credit. Author usually refers to a professional writer. In fact, author can be used interchangeably with the word writer. But author packs a little more punch — an author is involved in the creation of the work and generating the ideas behind it; strictly speaking, a writer could just execute the written product.
A literature review is a comprehensive summary of previous research on a topic. The literature review surveys scholarly articles, books, and other sources relevant to a particular area of research. The review should enumerate, describe, summarize, objectively evaluate and clarify this previous research. It should give a theoretical base for the research and help you (the author) determine the nature of your research. The literature review acknowledges the work of previous researchers, and in so doing, assures the reader that your work has been well conceived. It is assumed that by mentioning a previous work in the field of study, that the author has read, evaluated, and assimiliated that work into the work at hand.
A literature review creates a “landscape” for the reader, giving her or him a full understanding of the developments in the field. This landscape informs the reader that the author has indeed assimilated all (or the vast majority of) previous, significant works in the field into her or his research.
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References:
http://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/author
http://guides.library.bloomu.edu/litreview
http://www.libreoffice.org/discover/writer/
http://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/products-services-teaching/learning-engagement-tools/pearson-writer/what-is.html
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/article